{"id":623,"date":"2019-10-05T16:36:38","date_gmt":"2019-10-05T13:36:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/adameksik.com\/blog\/?p=623"},"modified":"2019-10-05T16:38:18","modified_gmt":"2019-10-05T13:38:18","slug":"futbol-aleminin-olmazsa-olmazi-futbol-toplari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/adameksik.com\/blog\/futbol-aleminin-olmazsa-olmazi-futbol-toplari\/","title":{"rendered":"Futbol Aleminin Olmazsa Olmaz\u0131 “Futbol Toplar\u0131”"},"content":{"rendered":"

Adam Eksik Blog<\/a>‘dan herkese merhabalar. Bu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda sizlere hem futbol topunun tarih\u00e7esinden<\/strong> bahsedece\u011fiz hem de g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz toplar\u0131n\u0131n end\u00fcstri standartlar\u0131, kalite etkenleri hakk\u0131nda bilgiler verece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n

Futbol topu<\/em> dendi\u011fi zaman akl\u0131m\u0131zda beliren ilk \u015fey 32 panelli, siyah ile beyaz renklerden meydana gelen ve \u00e7o\u011fumuzun akl\u0131nda bu ikonik tasar\u0131m\u0131yla yer etmi\u015f yuvarlak nesnedir.<\/p>\n

\u00dclkemizde “top” diye tabir edilen bu nesne g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczden binlerce y\u0131l \u00f6nce yani M.\u00d6 200 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu zamana kadar \u00c7in, M\u0131s\u0131r, Yunan, Aztek ve Roman toplumlar\u0131nda dahi \u00e7e\u015fitli oyunlar oynamak i\u00e7in \u00fcretilip kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Eski zamanlarda toplar<\/strong><\/em> hayvan mesanesi, bez par\u00e7alar\u0131, kafa tas\u0131, hayvan derisi gibi \u015feyler kullan\u0131larak yap\u0131l\u0131rm\u0131\u015f. Anla\u015f\u0131lan o zamanlarda da obje tekmelemek, kaleye obje ula\u015ft\u0131rmak gibi futbola benzeyen spor m\u00fcsabakalar\u0131 varm\u0131\u015f. \u00d6rne\u011fin \u00c7in’de oynanan spor kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131 “tsu-chu”<\/strong> imi\u015f.<\/p>\n

Futbol Topu Nas\u0131l \u0130cat Edildi ?<\/h2>\n

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Futbol topunun geli\u015fim s\u00fcrecinde end\u00fcstri devrimi ile kesi\u015fen \u00fcretim tarihine \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutacaksak \u00f6nce 1800’l\u00fc y\u0131llarda ya\u015fanan geli\u015fmeleri anlatmam\u0131z, ard\u0131ndan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz \u00fcretim band\u0131na varmam\u0131z gerekir.<\/p>\n

1844 Y\u0131l\u0131na kadar toplar\u0131n \u00e7ok net bir fabrika ayar\u0131 yoktu, domuz mesanesinin \u00fcst\u00fcne kaplanan deri y\u00fczey ile m\u00fcsabakalar s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcyordu.<\/p>\n

Mesane yap\u0131lar\u0131 geometrik olarak istenen \u015fekilde ve boyutta standart olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in oyuncular oyununu \u00e7ok da hesaplanabilir fizik kurallar\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde idame edemiyordu ve toplar\u0131n da yap\u0131s\u0131yla birlikte sa\u011flaml\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 seviyedeydi. Ma\u00e7 esnas\u0131nda topun su emip a\u011f\u0131rla\u015fmas\u0131<\/em> ile \u00fczerinde diki\u015flerin de cildi \u00e7izmesi cabas\u0131.<\/p>\n

1855 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u015fimdiki Goodyear Lastik firmas\u0131yla herhangi bir ba\u011f\u0131 olmayan Amerikan Kimyager Charles Goodyear ilk lastik futbol topunu<\/strong><\/em> imal etmi\u015ftir.. \u0130lk topun \u00fcretilebilmesini<\/em> m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lan bilimsel ke\u015ffin hikayesi de epey ilgin\u00e7tir.<\/p>\n

Kendisi Orta Amerika’dan buldu\u011fu kau\u00e7uk re\u00e7inesiyle uzun y\u0131llar u\u011fra\u015fm\u0131\u015f, kau\u00e7uk re\u00e7inesine k\u00fck\u00fcrt uygulayarak y\u00fcksek \u0131s\u0131da bunlar\u0131 i\u015fleyerek en sonunda sert lasti\u011fi ke\u015ffetmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan sertle\u015fmi\u015f lastik daha standardize toplar\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve 1939 y\u0131l\u0131nda bunun patentini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tahmin edebilece\u011finiz gibi bu bulu\u015f zaten bir toptan \u00f6te \u00e7ok daha fazla end\u00fcstriyel alanda da kullan\u0131m yeri bulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

1862 Y\u0131l\u0131nda H. J. Lindon ad\u0131ndaki \u0130ngiltereli bir deri i\u015f\u00e7isi \u015fi\u015firilebilen bir top \u00fcretmi\u015ftir. Bu sistemin fikri de s\u00fcrekli domuz mesanesi \u015fi\u015firdi\u011fi i\u00e7in akci\u011fer hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00f6len kar\u0131s\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 akl\u0131na gelmi\u015ftir. \u00dcretti\u011fi top havas\u0131 s\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir bir \u00fcr\u00fcnd\u00fcr. \u0130lerleyen zamanlarda domuz mesanesinin aksine standart bir \u015fekle sahip olacak toplar\u0131n da bu sayede \u00fcretimi yap\u0131labilecektir.<\/p>\n

Futbol Topu \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcleri Nelerdir ?<\/h3>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

1872 Y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130ngiltere Futbol Kurulu toplara bir standart \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc<\/strong> getirmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcm toplar art\u0131k 27-28 inch yani 68,6 ve 71,1 cm aras\u0131nda olacakt\u0131r. A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k ise 396 ve 454 Gram aras\u0131d\u0131r. 1888 Y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130ngiltere Premier Ligi’nin kurulmas\u0131yla top \u00fcretiminde seriye ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk futbol topu \u00fcreticilerinden<\/em> bir tanesi \u0130ngiliz Mitre’dir di\u011feri ise Glasgow’lu Tomlisonlar’d\u0131r. 1900’l\u00fc y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda futbol epey sevilip tutulan ve kitlesi \u00e7\u0131\u011f gibi b\u00fcy\u00fcyen bir spor dal\u0131 haline gelmektedir. 1932 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00fcst\u00fcnde deri ba\u011fc\u0131k diki\u015fi olmayan “S\u00fcpertop” ismi verilen ilk top Arjantinde \u00fcretilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

1940 Y\u0131l\u0131nda Toplar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131na ve i\u00e7 lasti\u011fi aras\u0131na \u00e7e\u015fitli g\u00fc\u00e7lendirici y\u00f6ntemler ve maddeler uygulanarak d\u0131\u015ftaki deri katman\u0131n su emmesinin biz nebze \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir, 1951 y\u0131l\u0131nda bu deri toplar beyaz boya ile y\u0131kanarak sahalarda beyaz futbol topu kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1960 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren deri toplar yerini sentetik materyallerden olu\u015fturulmu\u015f 32 Panelli Topa b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yaz\u0131n\u0131n bu noktadan sonras\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz toplar\u0131n\u0131n yak\u0131n tarihini anlatmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Giri\u015fte s\u00f6yledi\u011fimiz gibi g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde kullan\u0131lan 32 panelli tasar\u0131m topa mevcut \u015feklini veren k\u00fcresel \u015feklin ad\u0131 jeodezik kubbe formudur ve top yap\u0131l\u0131rken bu yap\u0131y\u0131 bulan Mimar Buckminster Fuller’dan esinlenilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

1970 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren Telstar isimli topun ard\u0131ndan b\u00fct\u00fcn D\u00fcnya Kupas\u0131 toplar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar Adidas yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 2000’li y\u0131lllarda \u00fcretim teknikleri ve m\u00fchendisliklerin teknolojik olarak \u00fcst seviyeye ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 sayesinde 32 panelli top tasar\u0131m\u0131nda \u00fcreticiler \u00fcr\u00fcn \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fine y\u00f6nelerek panel say\u0131lar\u0131nda baz\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fikliklere gitmi\u015f ve topun formundan \u00f6d\u00fcn vermeden tasar\u0131m\u0131 farkl\u0131 ama i\u015flevi ayn\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnler ortaya koymu\u015flard\u0131r..<\/p>\n

En Kaliteli Futbol Topu Markas\u0131<\/h3>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Bu kadar yaz\u0131dan sonra en g\u00fcncel top \u00f6rneklerine de\u011finelim ve baz\u0131 standartlardan bahsedelim. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde en \u00e7ok bilinen belli ba\u015fl\u0131 markalar<\/strong> \u015funlard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Adidas, Nike, Molten, Puma, Derbystar, Mitre<\/span><\/p>\n

Bunlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda D\u00fcnya \u00fczerinde turnuva resmi topu olmay\u0131p az bilinen yada tek t\u00fck resmi m\u00fcsabaka topu olarak kullan\u0131lan markalar. Voit, Golty, Mikasa, Joma, Select, Uhlsport<\/span>.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnya \u00fcst\u00fcnde mevcut onlarca futbol turnuvalar\u0131nda kullan\u0131lacak resmi ma\u00e7 toplar\u0131n\u0131 bu linkten inceleyebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n

http:\/\/football-balls.com\/<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

Resmi m\u00fcsabakalarda kullan\u0131lacak toplar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lamas\u0131 gereken teknik standartlar\u0131 belirleyen Fifa’d\u0131r. Fifa’n\u0131n uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 7 Laboratuar testine g\u00f6re bir top Fifa Pro Kalite sertifikas\u0131 alabilir. Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Fifa Quality ve IMS denilen ge\u00e7erlilik sertifikalar\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bir futbol topunun a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/em> 420 ve 445 gram aras\u0131nda, \u00e7ap\u0131 ise 68.5, 69.5 Cm aras\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Di\u011fer standartlar\u0131 ve test ad\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 okumak i\u00e7in bu linklere gidebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/football-technology.fifa.com\/media\/1133\/2015_fifa-quality-programme-for-footballs_test_criteria.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

https:\/\/football-technology.fifa.com\/media\/1024\/footballs_testing_manual_2015.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

Standart top bas\u0131nc\u0131<\/strong> 0.8 ve 1 bar aras\u0131d\u0131r, baz\u0131 toplar\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnde bu de\u011fer sibobun alt\u0131nda genelde yaz\u0131yla belirtilmektedir. 1 bar \u00fcst\u00fcnde hava basmak topun i\u00e7 lasti\u011fini gere\u011finden fazla esnetecek ve bu topun kabak diye tabir etti\u011fimiz yumurtaya benzeyen forma girmesine neden olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u015eu da bir ger\u00e7ektir ki hal\u0131 sahada \u00e7o\u011fu insan lisansl\u0131 sporcu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in bu bas\u0131nc sert gelecek ve oynamay\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7le\u015ftirecektir. Elinizdeki topa 0.6 yada 0.7 bar hava basmak daha yararl\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. Gere\u011finden fazla sert top \u00e7arpaca\u011f\u0131 oyuncularda da ciddi sakatl\u0131klar yaratabilir. A\u011f\u0131r ve sert toplar \u00f6zellikle kaleciler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ciddi riskler ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r, parmak k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, sars\u0131nt\u0131 gibi durumlar ya\u015fanabilir.<\/p>\n

Bir topun i\u00e7indeki lastik g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Lateks yada B\u00fctil’den yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. D\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u015fe Polivinil Klor\u00fcr (PVC), Termo Poli\u00fcretan (TPU), Polyester ve Pamuk kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ve son olarak Poli\u00fcretan (PU) gibi farkl\u0131 farkl\u0131 bile\u015fenlerde olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

En son teknoloji \u00fcretimi toplarda panel say\u0131s\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck, aralardaki ba\u011f da \u0131s\u0131tarak birbirine eritilmek suretiyle yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu hem topun ayrodinami\u011finin \u00fcst seviyede olmas\u0131n\u0131 hem de su ge\u00e7irmez olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Son olarak g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde futbol toplar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 75’i Pakistan’\u0131n Pencab eyaletine ba\u011fl\u0131 Sialkot \u015fehrinde yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bir makalemizin daha sonuna geldik. Bir sonraki futbol makalemizde g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmek dile\u011fiyle..<\/p>\n

\"logo\"<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Adam Eksik Blog‘dan herkese merhabalar. Bu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda sizlere hem futbol topunun tarih\u00e7esinden bahsedece\u011fiz hem de g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz toplar\u0131n\u0131n end\u00fcstri standartlar\u0131, kalite<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":627,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,1],"tags":[155,158,157,160,156,159,161,162],"class_list":["post-623","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-futbol","category-genel","tag-futbol-topu","tag-futbol-topu-hakkinda-bilgi","tag-futbol-topu-nasil-bulundu","tag-futbol-topu-nasil-olmali","tag-futbol-topu-nasil-yapilir","tag-futbol-topunu-kim-buldu","tag-futbol-topunun-agirligi","tag-futbol-topunun-ozellikleri"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/adameksik.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/623","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/adameksik.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/adameksik.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/adameksik.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/adameksik.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=623"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/adameksik.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/623\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":628,"href":"https:\/\/adameksik.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/623\/revisions\/628"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/adameksik.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/627"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/adameksik.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=623"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/adameksik.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=623"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/adameksik.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=623"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}